Latent associations of low serum amylase with decreased plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance in asymptomatic middle-aged adults

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of subjects divided by serum amylase levels

	Low serum amylase (< 60 IU/ml)	Normal to high serum amylase (≥ 60 IU/ml)	P values
n	21	33	–
Age	47.1 ± 7.3	49.6 ± 7.8	0.22
Men, n (%)	17 (81.0)	27 (81.8)	0.93
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25.5 ± 3.9	23.4 ± 2.6	0.04
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	119 ± 18.5	118 ± 15.0	0.88
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	71.9 ± 11.6	73.8 ± 11.5	0.54
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	117 (88-184)	92 (76-125)	0.17
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	55.9 ± 16.1	54.8 ± 10.7	0.96
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	0.93
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	84.8 ± 16.9	80.5 ± 11.1	0.56
Amylase (IU/l)	49.4 ± 7.6	74.6 ± 14.1	—
(range)	(32–59)	(60–121)	—
HbA1c (%) (NGSP)	5.7 ± 0.3	5.6 ± 0.3	0.47
FPG (mg/dl)	102 ± 11	98 ± 7.6	0.32
PG at 60 min (mg/dl)*	144 ± 40	138 ± 33	0.56
PG at 120 min (mg/dl)*	151 ± 44	119 ± 35	0.004
FPI (μU/ml)	6.0 (3.6–14.9)	10.3 (5.1–13.1)	0.30
PI at 60 min (μU/ml)*	32.2 (18.7–62.1)	55.3 (41.7–86.3)	0.06
PI at 120 min (μU/ml)*	47.3 (31.6–102)	45.4 (29.0–65.6)	0.67
HOMA-R	1.5 (0.9–3.9)	2.3 (1.2–3.4)	0.45
QUICKI	0.38 ± 0.10	0.34 ± 0.04	0.45
HOMA-β	57.6 (34–125)	104 (54-138)	0.10
Leptin (pg/ml)	37.3 (18–55)	27.9 (18–43)	0.40
TNFα (pg/ml)	0.69 (0.5–1.1)	0.56 (0.5–0.7)	0.08
Type 2 diabetes^†	4	1	0.13
Current smokers, n (%)	6 (28.6)	11 (33.3)	0.95
Everyday alcohol drinkers, n (%)	10 (47.6)	9 (27.3)	0.19
Regular exerciser, n (%)	3 (14.3)	7 (21.2)	0.78

Data are means ± SD or medians (interquartile range) for highly skewed variables.
Continuous variables and categorical valuables were compared using the Mann–Whitney test and χ²-test, respectively.
*Measured during a 75-g OGTT.
^†Five subjects were suspected of having type 2 diabetes because PG at 120 min was ≥ 200 mg/dl.
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FPI: fasting plasma insulin; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; NGSP; National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; PG: plasma glucose; PI: plasma insulin; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; regular exerciser: subjects who exercise over 30 minutes at least twice per week; TNF α: tumor necrosis factor α.

ISSN: 1475-2840