Previous gestational diabetes is independently associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness, similarly to metabolic syndrome – a case control study

Table 1 Comparisons of clinical and biochemical characteristics for each group

Variable	pGDM (N = 79)	MS (N = 30)	CG (N = 60)	P
Age (years)	36.42 ± 0.61	37.97 ± 1.14	34.78 ± 0.88	NS
BMI (kg/m²)	29.01 ± 0.66	33.32 ± 1.26	22.46 ± 0.42	<0.001^§&*
Waist (cm)	92.09 ± 1.63	103.63 ± 2.48	74.08 ± 1.14	<0.001^§&*
Systolic	120.81 ± 1.89	125.67 ± 2.43	112.27 ± 1.02	<0.001^&*
BP (mmHg)	120.81 ± 1.89	125.67 ± 2.43	112.27 ± 1.02	<0.001^&*
Diastolic	79.46 ± 1.30	79.03 ± 1.62	72.63 ± 0.92	<0.01^&*
BP (mmHg)	79.46 ± 1.30	79.03 ± 1.62	72.63 ± 0.92	<0.01^&*
Fasting Glucose (mg/dl)	110.32 ± 5.99	104.96 ± 3.36	84.85 ± 1.06	<0.001^&*
Total Cholesterol	189.72 ± 5.09	200.32 ± 8.61	171.86 ± 3.74	0.001^&*
(mg/dl)	189.72 ± 5.09	200.32 ± 8.61	171.86 ± 3.74	0.001^&*
HDLc (mg/dl)	49.71 ± 1.83	45.22 ± 2.17	59.19 ± 1.72	<0.001^&*
LDLc(mg/dl)	114.21 ± 4.50	123.75 ± 9.39	94.98 ± 3.63	0.001^&*
Triglycerides	142.05 ± 15.23	177.73 ± 18.50	75.58 ± 3.74	<0.001^&*
(mg/dl)	142.05 ± 15.23	177.73 ± 18.50	75.58 ± 3.74	<0.001^&*

Data are shown as means ± SEM. pGDM = previous gestational diabetes group; MS = metabolic syndrome group; CG = controls; NS = not significant; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; HDLc = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ^&for comparisons of pGDM to CG; ^§for comparisons of pGDM to MS; *for comparisons of MS to CG.

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