Study | Patients | n | Treatment | Duration | Principle findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMADEO® [122] | Hypertension and diabetic nephropathy | 860 | Telmisartan or losartan | 52 weeks | Telmisartan was superior to losartan in reducing proteinuria |
CALM [25] | Type 2 diabetes with hypertension and microalbuminuria | 199 | Candesartan, lisinopril or both | 24 weeks | Candesartan was as effective as lisinopril in reducing UACR. Combined treatment was associated with a greater reduction in UACR than monotherapeutic treatment (statistically significant versus candesartan monotherapy) |
DETAIL® [99] | Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and early nephropathy | 250 | Telmisartan or enalapril | 5 years | Telmisartan was not inferior to enalapril in providing long-term renoprotection |
IDNT [119] | Hypertension and diabetic nephropathy | 1715 | Irbesartan, amlodipine or placebo | Mean 2.6 years | Irbesartan was superior to amlodipine and placebo in preventing the primary composite end point of: a doubling of the base-line serum creatinine concentration, the development of ESRD, or death from any cause. This was independent of BP |
IRMA 2 [118] | Hypertension, type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria | 590 | Irbesartan or Placebo | 2 years | Irbesartan was superior to placebo in preventing diabetic nephropathy |
MARVAL [121] | Diabetic nephropathy with and without hypertension | 332 | Valsartan or amlodipine | 24 weeks | Valsartan was superior to amlodipine in reducing microalbuminuria |
RENAAL [120] | Diabetic nephropathy | 1513 | Losartan or placebo | Mean 3.4 years | Losartan was superior to placebo in preventing increases in UACR and progression to ESRD. There was no difference in mortality |
ROADMAP [123] | Type 2 diabetes with normoalbuminuria | 4449 | Olmesartan or placebo | Median 3.2 years | Olmesartan delayed the time to onset of microalbuminuria (statistical significance lost on adjustment for blood pressure difference) |
VIVALDI® [124] | Hypertension and diabetic nephropathy | 885 | Telmisartan or valsartan* | 52 weeks | Telmisartan and valsartan provided similar renoprotection |