Figure 5
Insulin, metformin, BLX-1002, pioglitazone and candesartan protect HCAECs against palmitate-induced DNA fragmentation. To further corroborate the protective effects of the agents against lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was evaluated using the Cell Death Detection kit ELISAplus. Cells were exposed for 24 h to 0.125 mM palmitate or vehicle at 5 mM glucose with or without insulin lispro (1 nM), BLX-1002 (1 μM), metformin (500 μM), pioglitazone (2.5 μM), candesartan (100 nM). * denotes P < 0.05 for a chance difference vs controls by ANOVA, # denotes P < 0.05 for a chance difference vs palmitate by ANOVA.