Table 5 Comparison of clinical features between subjects without and with subcutaneous fat accumulation (SFA cutoff value 128 cm²; median value) and hyperinsulinemia (IRI cutoff value 5.5 μIU/mL; median value) (Analysis 3) (n = 500)

IRI < 5.5 μIU/mL

IRI ≥5.5 μIU/mL

IRI < 5.5 μIU/mL

IRI ≥5.5 μIU/mL

Age, years

55 ± 9

55 ± 10

55 ± 9

52 ± 9^†

BMI, kg/m²

21.9 ± 1.9

23.4 ± 1.9*

24.7 ± 1.9*

26.6 ± 2.8^†§

VFA, cm²

88 ± 43

128 ± 48*

131 ± 41*

164 ± 43^†§

SFA, cm²

91 ± 27

104 ± 21*

157 ± 31*

187 ± 50^†§

Blood glucose, mg/dL

106 ± 20

115 ± 19*

108 ± 16

111 ± 16

Fasting IRI, μIU/mL

3.7 ± 1.1

7.4 ± 1.9*

4.4 ± 0.9*

10.4 ± 5.4^†§

HbA1c (NGSP),%

5.7 ± 0.5

5.9 ± 0.7*

5.8 ± 0.6

5.8 ± 0.5

SBP, mmHg

120 ± 13

126 ± 13*

123 ± 11*

124 ± 10

DBP, mmHg

76 ± 8

79 ± 7*

78 ± 11

80 ± 7

Triglyceride, mg/dL

117 ± 81

157 ± 114*

145 ± 117*

153 ± 83

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

62 ± 13

55 ± 11*

56 ± 12*

51 ± 12^†§

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

119 ± 31

124 ± 30

118 ± 24

128 ± 26^§

eGFR, mL/min

75 ± 13

74 ± 15

73 ± 11

73 ± 12