Table 3 Comparison of clinical features between subjects without and with obesity (BMI cutoff value 25 kg/m²) and hyperinsulinemia (IRI cutoff value 5.5 μIU/mL; median value) (Analysis 1) (n = 500)

IRI < 5.5 μIU/mL

IRI ≥ 5.5 μIU/mL

IRI < 5.5 μIU/mL

IRI ≥ 5.5 μIU/mL

Age, years

55 ± 9

54 ± 10

55 ± 8

53 ± 9

BMI, kg/m²

22.1 ± 1.8

23.2 ± 1.2*

26.2 ± 1.5*

27.6 ± 2.4^†§

VFA, cm²

94 ± 44

131 ± 40*

144 ± 36*

171 ± 45^†§

SFA, cm²

103 ± 36

127 ± 33*

154 ± 42*

191 ± 58^†§

Blood glucose, mg/dL

106 ± 15

114 ± 20*

114 ± 33*

111 ± 13

Fasting IRI, μIU/mL

3.8 ± 1.1

7.8 ± 2.6*

4.5 ± 0.8*

11.0 ± 5.8^†§

HbA1c (NGSP),%

5.7 ± 0.5

5.8 ± 0.7*

6.0 ± 0.9*

5.8 ± 0.5

SBP, mmHg

120 ± 12

124 ± 11*

126 ± 11*

125 ± 10

DBP, mmHg

76 ± 8

79 ± 7*

78 ± 14

80 ± 7

Triglyceride, mg/dL

117 ± 88

148 ± 99*

171 ± 112*

161 ± 89

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

61 ± 13

55 ± 12*

54 ± 8*

51 ± 11^†

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

117 ± 28

121 ± 27

124 ± 30

131 ± 27^†

eGFR, mL/min

74 ± 13

76 ± 13

74 ± 11

71 ± 13^†