Uric acid is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in a Japanese elderly population without metabolic syndrome

Table 4 Adjusted-odds ratio (95% CI) of subgroups for carotid atherosclerosis according to quartile of uric acid by gender

		Men					Women
Uric acid range (mg/dl) Characteristics	N	UA-1 0.8-4.3	UA-2 4.4-5.5	UA-3 5.6-6.8	UA-4 6.9-16.1	P for trend*	N	UA-1 0.5-3.8	UA-2 3.9-4.7	UA-3 4.8-6.0	UA-4 6.1-15.4	P for trend*
Age
< 75 years	241	1 (reference)	0.72 (0.33-1.60)	0.99 (0.46-2.14)	1.08 (0.44-2.64)	0.802	293	1 (reference)	1.63 (0.80-3.34)	1.35 (0.65-2.79)	4.11 (1.61-10.5) §	0.020
≥75 years	422	1 (reference)	1.33 (0.66-2.67)	2.76 (1.21-6.29) †	3.00 (1.34-6.70) ‡	0.015	623	1 (reference)	1.49 (0.85-2.63)	1.24 (0.71-2.17)	1.57 (0.87-2.83)	0.400
Body mass index
<25 kg/m²	557	1 (reference)	1.08 (0.62-1.88)	1.79 (0.98-3.26)	1.61 (0.86-2.99)	0.162	729	1 (reference)	1.46 (0.90-2.35)	1.38 (0.85-2.26)	1.51 (0.88-2.59)	0.314
≥25 kg/m²	106	1 (reference)	1.54 (0.23-10.3)	3.17 (0.49-20.4)	15.1 (1.60-143) †	0.030	187	1 (reference)	1.92 (0.64-5.78)	1.77 (0.63-4.99)	8.66 (2.44-30.8) #	0.001
History of CVD
No	348	1 (reference)	1.34 (0.72-2.50)	2.47 (1.26-4.86) ‡	2.02 (1.01-4.06) †	0.037	557	1 (reference)	2.00 (1.18-3.37) †	1.13 (0.68-1.90)	1.95 (1.10-3.45) †	0.016
Yes	315	1 (reference)	0.66 (0.25-1.75)	0.93 (0.33-2.62)	1.98 (0.63-6.28)	0.185	359	1 (reference)	0.87 (0.40-1.85)	1.79 (0.77-4.15)	2.93 (1.08-7.92) †	0.037
Medication
No	279	1 (reference)	1.23 (0.59-2.54)	2.52 (1.09-5.82) †	3.71 (1.47-9.35) ‡	0.011	333	1 (reference)	1.69 (0.84-3.41)	1.97 (0.93-4.15)	0.95 (0.41-2.18)	0.178
Yes	384	1 (reference)	0.89 (0.41-1.90	1.27 (0.60-2.70)	1.19 (0.54-2.64)	0.786	583	1 (reference)	1.36 (0.77-2.40)	1.15 (0.66-1.99)	2.84 (1.52-5.33)§	0.004

CVD, cardiovascular disease. Medications include antihypertensive, antilipidemic, and antidiabetic medications. Adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, antilipidemic medication, fasting plasma glucose, antidiabetic medication, and history of cardiovascular disease. † P < 0.05; ‡ P < 0.01; § P < 0.005; # P < 0.001 vs. the first quartile (UA-1).

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