Table 2 Ranking of the top 10 up- and downregulated gene sets using GSEA in intima-media of type 2 diabetic patients vs. control subjects

Upregulated gene sets

Caries pulp UP

202

-0.43

-2.29

< 0.0001

0.0006

0.0005

HSA04080 Neuroactive ligand receptor interaction

227

-0.42

-2.27

< 0.0001

0.0009

0.002

HSA04514 Cell adhesion molecules

114

-0.43

-2.18

< 0.0001

0.002

0.005

Monocyte dend DN

115

-0.43

-2.13

< 0.0001

0.003

0.01

HSA04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

225

-0.39

-2.12

< 0.0001

0.003

0.01

Kidney transplant rejection UP

80

-0.45

-2.09

< 0.0001

0.004

0.02

HSA04610 Complement and coagulation cascades

63

-0.45

-2.05

< 0.0001

0.007

0.04

HSA01430 Cell communication

108

-0.41

-2.02

< 0.0001

0.008

0.05

HSA04640 Hematopoietic cell lineage

83

-0.43

-2.01

< 0.0001

0.008

0.06

Osteoclasts sig

37

-0.50

-1.94

< 0.0001

0.02

0.13

Downregulated gene sets

Kidney transplant well UP

251

0.56

2.45

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Insulin 2F UP

167

0.57

2.41

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Heartfailure atria DN

109

0.55

2.20

< 0.0001

0.0002

0.0005

GH GHRHR KO 24 hrs DN

140

0.53

2.18

< 0.0001

0.0001

0.0005

HSA03050 Proteasome

21

0.73

2.16

< 0.0001

0.0002

0.001

Diab neph DN

249

0.49

2.15

< 0.0001

0.0002

0.001

HSA00190 Oxidative phosphorylation

99

0.55

2.15

< 0.0001

0.0001

0.001

Kidney transplant well PBL DN

40

0.61

2.09

< 0.0001

0.0005

0.004

Krebs TCA cycle

29

0.65

2.07

< 0.0001

0.0008

0.008

mRNA processing

41

0.61

2.07

0.0007

0.0008

0.009