Table 3 Key studies on pulmonary volumes and the risk of new onset type 2 DM
From: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and glucose metabolism: a bitter sweet symphony
First author and year | Country | Study design | Population studied | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lazarus et al.[119]; 1998 | USA | Prospective cohort study with a mean follow up of 20.9 years | n:1,050 men (with no self-reported DM) included in the final analysis mean age: 41.4 years mean BMI: 25.6 kg/m² | Reduced FVC, FEV1 and MMEF were associated with greater fasting insulin and fasting insulin resistance after logistic regression analysis. |
Engström et al.[124]; 2002 | Sweden | Prospective cohort study with a mean follow up of 13 years | n: 382 non-diabetic men age at the beginning of the study:55 years mean BMI: 24.4-24.7 years (depends on the pulmonary VC subgroup) | 15 new cases of type 2 DM were diagnosed during the follow up. DM and log glucose were inversely associated with baseline VC. |
Engström et al.[125]; 2003 | Sweden | Population based cohort study with a mean follow up of 13.9 years for men and 9.4 years for women | n: 2,332 non-diabetic subjects (men-1,436, 61.57%) mean age for men: 44.0-44.9 years (depends on the pulmonary FVC subgroup) mean age for women: 49.4-50.4 years (depends on the pulmonary FVC subgroup) mean BMI for men: 24.2-24.9 kg/m²(depends on the pulmonary FVC subgroup) mean BMI for women: 23.2-23.9 kg/m²(depends on the pulmonary FVC subgroup) | The association between baseline FVC and IR at follow up remained statistically significant after adjustment for gender, age at screening, follow up time, smoking/tobacco consumption, BMI and waist to hip ratio, physical activity and baseline log glucose |
Kwon et al.[126]; 2012 | Korea | Prospective cohort study with a follow up of 5 years | n: 9,220 men non-diabetic at baseline mean age: 41.4 years mean baseline BMI: 24.4 kg/m² for patients without type 2 DM at follow up and 26.7 kg/m² for patients with type 2 DM at follow up | 207 patients developed type 2 DM with the incidence of 2.2%. |
FEV1 and FVC were negatively associated with type 2 DM. | ||||
In patients with BMI<25 kg/m2 the lowest quartile of FVC and FEV1 had OR of 2.15 (95% CI 1.02-4.57) and 2.19 (95% CI 1.09-4.42) for incident type 2 DM. | ||||
Heianza et al.[132]; 2012 | Japan | Observational study with a 4 year follow up | n: 5,346 (100% men) mean age: 48.6 years mean BMI: 23.3 kg/m² | Compared with the highest FEV1 quartile, lower quartiles were associated with 1.79-1.86 greater risk for the new onset type 2 DM (95% CI, 1.10-2.91). |