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Table 1 Comparisons of baseline sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, diabetes-related variables, drug-related variables, diabetes-related diseases, and blood biochemical indices among patients with different clinical stages of baseline renal function, as determined by mean eGFR

From: Joint relationship between renal function and proteinuria on mortality of patients with type 2 diabetes: The Taichung Diabetes Study

Variables

Baseline mean eGFR N (%)

P value

 

≥90 (N=3686)

60~89 (N=1981)

15~59 (N=856)

 

Sociodemographic factors

Gender

   

0.01

 Female

1800 (48.83)

898 (45.33)

432 (50.47)

 

 Male

1886 (51.17)

1083 (54.67)

424 (49.53)

 

Age (yrs)†

54.16±10.96

64.19±10.18

67.22±10.09

<0.001

Lifestyle behaviors

Smoking

   

<0.001

 No

2863 (77.67)

1665 (84.05)

724 (84.58)

 

 Yes

823 (22.33)

316 (15.95)

132 (15.42)

 

Alcohol drinking

   

<0.001

 No

3200 (86.81)

1784 (90.06)

810 (94.63)

 

 Yes

486 (13.19)

197 (9.94)

46 (5.37)

 

Exercising

   

<0.001

 No

1650 (44.76)

702 (35.44)

304 (35.51)

 

 Yes

2036 (55.24)

1279 (64.56)

552 (64.49)

 

Diabetes-related variables

Diabetes medical history(yrs)†

5.22±6.06

7.26±7.11

11.23±8.57

<0.001

Type of DM treatment

   

<0.001

 Oral hypoglycemic drug

3045 (82.61)

1706 (86.12)

659 (76.99)

 

 Inject insulin

69 (1.87)

15 (0.76)

10 (1.17)

 

 Both

261 (7.08)

159 (8.03)

167 (19.51)

 

 Both not

311 (8.44)

101 (5.10)

20 (2.34)

 

Drug-related variables

Hypertension drug treatment

   

<0.001

 No

2543 (68.99)

953 (48.11)

295 (34.46)

 

 Yes

1143 (31.01)

1028 (51.89)

561 (65.54)

 

Diabetes-related diseases

Obesity

   

0.18

 No

2581 (70.02)

1346 (67.95)

580 (67.76)

 

 Yes

1105 (29.98)

635 (32.05)

276 (32.24)

 

Hypertension

   

<0.001

 No

2517 (68.29)

967 (48.81)

305 (35.63)

 

 Yes

1169 (31.71)

1014 (51.19)

551 (64.37)

 

Hyperlipidemia

   

<0.001

 No

2637 (71.54)

1317 (66.48)

549 (64.14)

 

 Yes

1049 (28.46)

664 (33.52)

307 (35.86)

 

DKA

   

0.72

 No

3644 (98.86)

1963 (99.09)

847 (98.95)

 

 Yes

42 (1.14)

18 (0.91)

9 (1.05)

 

HHNK

   

<0.001

 No

3642 (98.81)

1926 (97.22)

813 (94.98)

 

 Yes

44 (1.19)

55 (2.78)

43 (5.02)

 

Severe Hypoglycemia

   

<0.001

 No

3624 (98.32)

1942 (98.03)

810 (94.63)

 

 Yes

62 (1.68)

39 (1.97)

46 (5.37)

 

Stroke

   

<0.001

 No

3522 (95.55)

1799 (89.80)

722 (84.35)

 

 Yes

164 (4.45)

202 (10.20)

134 (15.65)

 

Coronary artery disease

   

<0.001

 No

3546 (96.20)

1799 (90.81)

726 (84.81)

 

 Yes

140 (3.80)

182 (9.19)

130 (15.19)

 

Myocardial infarction

   

<0.001

 No

3414 (92.62)

1805 (91.12)

748 (87.38)

 

 Yes

272 (7.38)

176 (8.88)

108 (12.62)

 

Peripheral neuropathy

   

<0.001

 No

3201 (86.84)

1660 (83.80)

600 (70.09)

 

 Yes

485 (13.16)

321 (16.20)

256 (29.91)

 

Intermittent claudication

   

<0.001

 No

3641 (98.78)

1946 (98.23)

829 (96.85)

 

 Yes

45 (1.22)

35 (1.77)

27 (3.15)

 

Neuropathy

   

<0.001

 No

3461 (93.90)

1823 (92.02)

696 (81.31)

 

 Yes

225 (6.10)

158 (7.98)

160 (18.69)

 

Blood biochemical indexes

Triglyceride (mg/dl) †

159.98±205.49

166.44±191.09

190.26±216.96

<0.001

High-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) †

41.76±11.31

40.15±10.91

39.30±11.68

<0.001

HbA1c (%)†

8.59±2.01

8.11±1.89

8.26±1.92

<0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) †

169.61±58.40

161.14±59.83

162.37±69.18

<0.001

  1. †:mean±SD; DDK: Diabetic ketoacidosis; HHNK: Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar non-ketoacidosis.
  2. Differences in continuous variables were tested by the student’s t-test.
  3. Differences in categorical variables were tested by the Chi-square test.