Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: Lipocalin-2, glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in Chinese people
| Characteristics | NGR (1) | IGR | P value | Homogeneity of groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated IFG (2) | Isolated IGT (3) | IFG+IGT (4) | Type 2 diabetes (5) | ||||
| n | 1143 | 335 | 353 | 296 | 392 | - | - |
| Male, n (%) | 502 (43.9) | 121 (36.1) | 164 (46.5) | 116 (39.2) | 173 (44.1) | 0.55 | - |
| Age (years) | 57.3 ± 75.69 | 58.2 ± 7.0 | 60.8 ± 8.4 | 60.2 ± 8.5 | 60.9 ± 8.3 | < 0.001 | (1,2) (3,4) (3,5) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 211 (18.5) | 92 (27.5) | 79 (22.4) | 58 (19.6) | 117 (29.8) | 0.25 | - |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 135 (11.8) | 41 (12.2) | 46 (13.0) | 29 (9.8) | 57 (14.5) | 0.89 | - |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 25.1 ± 3.2 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 | (1) (2) (3,4) (4,5) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.3 ± 8.5 | 83.3 ± 9.7 | 85.1 ± 8.5 | 85.9 ± 9.9 | 87.3 ± 9.0 | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3,4) (4,5) |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 0.89 ± 0.10 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3,4) (4,5) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 | (1) (2,4) (3) (5) |
| 2 h OGTT plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 1.0 | 14.6 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 | (1,2) (3,4) (5) |
| Fasting serum insulin (μU/ml) | 6.86 (4.83-9.94) |
6.58 (3.97-9.69) |
6.65 (4.47-9.77) | 6.54 (4.38-9.62) |
7.68 (4.92-11.68) | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3,4) (4,5) |
| HOMA-IR | 1.56 (1.06-2.39) |
1.41 (0.65-2.22) |
1.54 (0.95-2.31) | 1.39 (0.74-2.33) |
1.93 (1.00-3.32) | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3) (4,5) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 ± 17 | 130 ± 17 | 132 ± 17 | 135 ± 18 | 137 ± 18 | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3,4) (4,5) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 9 | 81 ± 10 | 82 ± 11 | 83 ± 10 | 83 ± 10 | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3, 4,5) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.26 (0.90-1.81) | 1.40 (0.92-1.95) |
1.45 (0.96-2.13) | 1.35 (0.95-2.12) |
1.57 (1.10-2.28) | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3,4) (5) |
| Total cholerterol (mmol/l) | 5.38 ± 1.04 | 5.32 ± 0.93 | 5.54 ± 1.07 | 5.34 ± 1.07 | 5.59 ± 1.06 | 0.03 | (1,2,3, 4) (5) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.13 ± 0.78 | 3.11 ± 0.69 | 3.22 ± 0.90 | 3.18 ± 0.91 | 3.29 ± 0.87 | 0.21 | (1,2,3, 4) (5) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.45 ± 0.51 | 1.41 ± 0.32 | 1.35 ± 0.33 | 1.28 ± 0.31 | 1.30 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 | (1,2) (3,4,5) |
| CRP (μg/ml) | 2.41 (1.11-4.95) | 2.35 (1.18-4.99) | 3.58 (1.61-6.56) | 2.73 (1.37-5.48) | 3.53 (1.62-7.22) | < 0.001 | (1) (2) (3,4,5) |
| CXCL5 (pg/ml) | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 0.03 | (1) (2,3, 4,5) |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 10.42 (7.19-14.62) | 9.93 (6.58-13.88) | 9.47 (6.71-13.62) | 10.11 (7.08-13.84) | 9.04 (6.12-12.55) | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3, 4,5) |
| Lipocalin-2 (ng/ml) | 69.2 ± 7.8 | 83.5 ± 8.9 | 92.4 ± 10.7 | 83.1 ± 8.6 | 89.2 ± 8.3 | < 0.001 | (1) (2,3, 4,5) |