The impact of serum lipids on risk for microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Patients in the Study

Characteristics	Patients N =72,267
Characteristics	n	%
Female	35,192	48.70
Age at index (years), mean ± SD	49.91	± 9.44
Geographic Region
West	21,098	29.19
South	19,727	27.30
Northeast	15,756	21.80
Midwest	11,231	15.54
Unknown	4,455	6.16
Health Plan Type
HMO	35,017	48.46
PPO	31,556	43.67
POS	2,347	3.29
FFS	65	0.09
Other	3,255	4.50
Index year
2005-06	21,929	30.34
2007-08	30,767	42.57
2009-10	19,571	27.08
Physician specialty
General family practice	22,927	31.34
Internal medicine	17,817	24.65
Endocrinology	1,963	2.72
Cardiology	800	1.11
Others/unknown	28,760	39.80
Lipid Subfraction ¹
LDL-C	115.71	±35.65
Goal attainment²	23,858	64.28
HDL-C	47.28	±13.90
Goal attainment	36,171	50.05
TG	186.69	±176.52
Goal attainment	43,230	59.82
nonHDL-C	150.61	±43.53
Goal attainment²	21,081	56.79
Comorbidities
Ischemic heart disease	66,428	91.92
Hypertension	42,605	58.95
Obesity	4,912	6.80
Depression	3,947	5.46
Heart failure	2,511	3.47
Cerebrovascular disease	2,023	2.80
Metabolic syndrome	1,940	2.68
Liver disease	1,932	2.67
Peripheral vascular disease	1,554	2.15
Renal disease³	394	0.55
Schizophrenia	68	0.09
DCI score, mean ± SD	0.34	±0.9
Medication Use ⁴
*Antihypertensive Medications*	14,387	19.91
ACE Inhibitors	10,444	14.45
ARBs	4,515	6.25
*Lipid Altering Therapies*
Statin
Low Potency	2,422	3.35
Medium Potency	9,840	13.62
High Potency	12,851	17.78
Niacin	1,668	2.31
Ezetimibe	3,827	5.30
Fibrate
Fenofibrate	3,211	4.44
Gemfibrozil	1,254	1.74
Days of Study Follow-up ⁵ , mean ± SD	652.58	±484.18

¹ The lipid panel values are derived from the most recent lab assessment results prior to the index date.
² For LDL-C and non-HDL-C: Goal attainment based on subsample of 37,118 patients since 35,149 patients had no discernible risk at baseline.
³ Pre-index renal disease includes acute renal failure, hypertensive kidney disease, and glomerulonephritis.
⁴ n and % of patients with any fill for medication of interest.
⁵ Number of days from index date to end of study follow up (defined as the end of earliest occurrence of event of interest, death, patient becoming 65 years or older, end of health plan eligibility, or 6/30/2010).
LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; HMO: health maintenance organization; PPO: patient preferred organization; POS: point of service; FFS: fee for service.

ISSN: 1475-2840