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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, stratified by groups according to whether or not they developed HF during the follow-up period

From: Predictive value of advanced glycation end products for the development of post-infarction heart failure: a preliminary report

 

Total

Heart failure

  

YES

NO

p

Demographic data

    

Age (years)

62.8 ± 13.3

67.4 ± 11.6

62.6 ± 13.4

0.244

Female, %

24.7

27.3

35.0

0.841

Medical history

    

BMI (Kg/m2)

27.0±3.3

25.7±3.9

27.1±3.5

0.225

Current smoking, %

34.5

27.3

35.0

0.703

Diabetes, %

26.8

36.4

26.2

0.461

Hypertension, %

47.9

63.6

47.0

0.283

Dyslipidemia, %

44.8

45.5

44.7

0.957

On admission data

    

STEMI, %

52.1

72.7

50.8

0.158

Killip class ≥ II, %

13.9

36.4

12.6

0.027

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

137.0 ± 26.4

135.8 ± 25.7

137.1 ± 26.5

0.881

Heart rate (bpm)

75.2 ± 18.8

93.8 ± 16.4

74.1 ± 18.4

0.001

Atrial fibrillation, %

8.2

18.2

7.7

0.217

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

14.3 ± 1.6

13.1 ± 1.5

14.4 ± 1.6

0.011

Leukocytes (103/μL)

9.8 ± 4.0

9.6 ± 4.1

10.9 ± 4.0

0.314

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.95 ± 0.15

0.99 ± 0.12

0.95 ± 0.16

0.396

Laboratory parameters

    

TPI peak (ng/dL)

17.1 (5.6-68.2)

114.7 (23.5-171.5)

15.3 (5.2-59.4)

0.024

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

801.5 (352.7-1779.3)

2938.0 (1400.0-3655.0)

769.5 (320.5-1663.2)

0.011

Glycation products

    

Glucose (mg/dL)

152.9 ± 74.1

203.0± 96.7

149.9 ± 71.7

0.021

Fructosamine (mg/dL)

192.4 ± 71.5

243.5 ± 95.3

188.5 ± 68.2

0.019

HbA1c (%)

6.2 ± 1.4

7.1 ± 2.3

6.1 ± 1.3

0.017

AGE fluorescent (AU)

57.3 ± 45.0

95.9 ± 83.1

54.9 ± 40.9

0.003

Procedural characteristics

    

LVEF ≤ 45%, %

19.6

54.5

17.5

0.003

Multivessel disease, %

52.1

63.6

51.4

0.429

PCI, %

82.0

72.7

82.5

0.412

CABG, %

5.7

9.1

5.5

0.617

Complete revascularization, %

80.2

37.5

82.3

0.002

Medical treatment

    

Acetylsalicylic acid

100.0

100.0

100.0

-

Clopidogrel

99.0

98.9

100.0

0.722

Anti-IIb-IIIA

19.1

9.1

19.7

0.386

B-blockers

86.1

90.8

85.8

0.634

ACE Inhibitors-ARAII

89.7

89.6

90.9

0.767

Anti-aldosterone medication

20.1

63.6

17.5

<0.001

Statins

94.9

90.0

95.2

0.463

Insulin

5.7

18.2

4.9

0.065

Oral anti-diabetics

11.8

20.0

11.3

0.408

  1. AGE: advanced glycation end products; ARAII: angiotensin II receptor antagonists; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; STEMI: ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; NT-proBNP: N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide; TPI: troponin I peak.