|
Control
|
STZ, Euglycemic
|
STZ, Hyperglycemic
|
---|
|
2 Weeks
|
4 Weeks
|
6 Weeks
|
8 Weeks
|
2 Weeks
|
4 Weeks
|
6 Weeks
|
8 Weeks
|
2 Weeks
|
4 Weeks
|
6 Weeks
|
8 Weeks
|
---|
EV (d) (μL)
|
477 ± 135
|
477 ± 65
|
431 ± 90
|
353 ± 43
|
570 ± 47
|
457 ± 100
|
400 ± 67
|
363 ± 35
|
435 ± 103
|
497 ± 117
|
483 ± 80
|
369 ± 111
|
EV (s) (μL)
|
199 ± 49
|
184 ± 72
|
137 ± 35
|
128 ± 19
|
192 ± 33
|
134 ± 39
|
160 ± 9
|
95 ± 23
|
189 ± 57
|
182 ± 42
|
162 ± 36
|
119 ± 37
|
SV (μL)
|
278 ± 122
|
293 ± 30
|
293 ± 58
|
225 ± 27
|
379 ± 81
|
323 ± 118
|
240 ± 76
|
268 ± 21
|
262 ± 57
|
314 ± 86
|
321 ± 52
|
250 ± 79
|
CO (mL/min)
|
105 ± 52
|
106 ± 15
|
112 ± 16
|
81 ± 11
|
138 ± 47
|
113 ± 37
|
93 ± 18
|
100 ± 13
|
82 ± 23
|
91 ± 18
|
94 ± 19
|
69 ± 22
|
IVCT (ms)
|
62 ± 5
|
79 ± 13
|
70 ± 6
|
64 ± 9
|
84 ± 5
|
74 ± 7
|
65 ± 7
|
73 ± 6
|
83 ± 14
|
81 ± 14
|
83 ± 15
|
78 ± 6
|
IVRT (ms)
|
22 ± 4
|
33 ± 5
|
25 ± 8
|
32 ± 7
|
23 ± 0
|
30 ± 5
|
31 ± 2
|
24 ± 6
|
27 ± 6
|
25 ± 4
|
34 ± 15
|
33 ± 5
|
A (cm/s)
|
62 ± 22
|
77 ± 13
|
85 ± 33
|
77 ± 25
|
59 ± 6
|
83 ± 22
|
65 ± 17
|
97 ± 23
|
50 ± 13
|
65 ± 21*†
|
58 ± 39
|
69 ± 19*†
|
E (cm/s)
|
98 ± 5
|
118 ± 23
|
92 ± 26
|
98 ± 19
|
105 ± 5
|
119 ± 22
|
92 ± 8
|
125 ± 42
|
92 ± 18
|
104 ± 24
|
98 ± 28
|
99 ± 21
|
E/A Ratio
|
1.7 ± 0.5
|
1.6 ± 0.3
|
1.2 ± 0.4
|
1.3 ± 0.3
|
1.8 ± 0.1
|
1.5 ± 0.2
|
1.4 ± 0.3
|
1.3 ± 0.2
|
1.9 ± 0.6
|
1.7 ± 0.3
|
2.0 ± 1.0
|
1.5 ± 0.3
|
- * p < 0.05 to controls, † p < 0.05 to euglycemic, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc
- (EV = endocardial volume at diastole (d) or systole (s); SV = stroke volume; CO = cardiac output; IVCT = intraventricular contraction time; IVRT = isovolumic relaxation time; A = transmitral atrial (late) filling velocity; E = transmitral early filling velocity)
- Calculations:
- EV (d) = (4π/3) × (Endo Major (d)/2) × ((Endo Area (d))/π (Endo Major (d)/2))2
- EV (s) = (4π/3) × (Endo Major (s)/2) × ((Endo Area (s))/π (Endo Major (s)/2))2
- SV = EV(d) - EV (s)
- EF = SV/EV (d) × 100%
- FAC = (Endo Area (d) - Endo Area (s))/Endo Area (d) × 100%
- CO = SV × Heart Rate