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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants according to uric acid quartilesa

From: Serum uric acid level and its association with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

Characteristics

Q1

(n = 256)

<230

Q2

(n = 257)

231-280

Q3

(n = 256)

281-330

Q4

(n = 257)

≥331

P value

MetS (%)

20.3

35.8

54.3

84.8

<0.001

Uric acid (μmol/L)

200 (190-220)

260 (250-270)

310 (300-320)

390 (350-430)

<0.001

Age (yr)b

65.28 ± 11.27

66.57 ± 10.28

65.09 ± 12.35

67.52 ± 11.84

0.065

Maleb

73 (28.29)

91 (30.33)

92 (41.81)

139 (56.05)

<0.001

Smoking (yes)

47 (18.22)

47 (15.67)

52 (23.64)

63 (25.40)

0.017

Alcohol (yes)

27 (10.47)

27 (9.00)

31 (15.50)

38 (15.32)

0.084

Duration of diabetes (yr)

9.72 ± 7.84

7.74 ± 7.04

7.24 ± 6.69

6.75 ± 6.56

<0.001

Self-reported CVDc

49 (18.99)

62 (20.67)

49 (22.27)

59 (23.79)

0.587

Family history of diabetesd

112 (43.41)

119 (39.67)

74 (33.64)

84 (33.87)

0.068

SBP (mmHg)

138.44 ± 20.68

139.92 ± 19.82

140.86 ± 22.00

142.31 ± 20.05

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

80.71 ± 10.54

82.57 ± 10.92

82.14 ± 12.18

82.38 ± 10.69

0.207

BMI (kg/m2)

24.21 ± 3.39

24.91 ± 3.23

25.40 ± 3.47

25.97 ± 3.39

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

81.74 ± 9.68

83.62 ± 8.50

86.05 ± 9.32

87.67 ± 8.88

<0.001

Waist to hip ratio

0.86 ± 0.08

0.87 ± 0.06

0.88 ± 0.06

0.89 ± 0.06

0.176

Glucose (mmol/L)

9.25(7.20-12.30)

7.70(6.40-9.60)

7.80(6.60-9.70)

7.30(6.23-8.80)

<0.001

Insulin (μU/mL)e

9.93 (5.85-15.06)

11.06 (6.93-17.26)

12.40 (7.93-18.24)

13.19 (8.80-20.13)

0.143

HOMA-IRe

3.91 (2.28-6.70)

3.98 (2.36-7.21)

4.40 (2.62-7.38))

4.44 (2.63-6.55

0.028

CRP

1.92 (0.95-4.35)

1.98 (0.71-4.92)

2.33 (0.73-5.24)

3.59 (0.81-8.87)

<0.001

IMT (mm)

0.82 ± 0.21

0.85 ± 0.22

0.86 ± 0.26

0.93 ± 0.29

0.016

HbA1C (%)

7.91 ± 1.94

7.10 ± 1.59

6.96 ± 1.42

6.93 ± 1.36

<0.001

Creatinine (μmol/L)

60.67 ± 13.14

65.22 ± 19.63

67.35 ± 15.50

81.09 ± 28.75

<0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.732)

132.5 ± 25.5

125.2 ± 25.4

122.5 ± 26.7

108.3 ± 31.2

<0.001

ACR (mg/mmol)

2.45 (1.25-6.04)

2.80 (1.35-9.59)

3.02 (1.54-8.11)

3.52 (1.74-8.94)

0.022

Triglycerides (mmol/L)e

1.41 (0.97-1.91)

1.56 (1.09-2.23)

1.67 (1.17-2.41)

1.84 (1.28-2.64)

<0.001

Total cholerterol (mmol/L)

5.32 ± 0.07

5.37 ± 0.07

5.44 ± 0.08

5.33 ± 0.07

0.623

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.99 ± 0.90

3.04 ± 0.84

3.11 ± 0.86

3.07 ± 0.85

0.189

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.47 ± 0.40

1.37 ± 0.36

1.26 ± 0.35

1.14 ± 0.29

<0.001

  1. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.; IMT, intima-media thickness
  2. aData are means SD, median (interquartile range), or number (percent); P value was calculated after adjustment for age, gender.
  3. bNot adjusted for itself.
  4. cSelf-reported CVD including stroke and coronary heart disease.
  5. dParents or siblings had a history of diabetes.
  6. eThese variables were log transformed before analysis.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840