Table 1 The clinical characteristics of all patients, low vs. high risk patients and patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD; abnormal MPI and/or stenosis on coronary angiography).
From: Osteoprotegerin and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria
All patients (n = 200) | Low-risk patients (n = 67) | High-risk patients (n = 133) | p-values1 | Patients without sign. CAD (n = 63) | Patients with sign. CAD (n = 70) | p-values2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex no. (male%) | 152 (76) | 50(75) | 102 (77) | 0.747 | 14 (20) | 56 (80) | 0.33 |
Age (years) | 59 (9) | 53 (10) | 61 (6) | 0.001 | 57 (9) | 62 (6) | 0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 13 (7) | 10 (7) | 14 (7) | 0.001 | 12 (7) | 15 (7) | 0.006 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.6 (5.8) | 32.9 (6.0) | 32.4 (5.7) | 0.592 | 32.3 (5.8) | 33.1 (5.7) | 0.32 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.9 (1.3) | 8.0 (1.3) | 7.8 (1.4) | 0.194 | 7.8 (1.3) | 7.8 (1.5) | 0.80 |
Urinary albumin excretion rate (mg/24h)* | 103 (39 - 230) | 105 (44 - 194) | 97 (38 - 97) | 0.814 | 97 (43 - 194) | 133 (38 - 491) | 0.22 |
P-creatinine (μmol/l) | 76 (18) | 72 (17) | 79 (19) | 0.007 | 73 (17) | 82 (20) | 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 (17) | 130 (16) | 130 (18) | 0.953 | 129 (17) | 132 (18) | 0.38 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.9 (0.9) | 4.1 (1.0) | 3.8 (0.9) | 0.041 | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.8 (0.9) | 0.08 |
Vibratory perception threshold mV - mean of both sides | 33 (15) | 28 (14) | 36 (14) | 0.001 | 30 (14) | 39 (13) | 0.001 |
Heart rate variation during deep breathing (bpm)* | 7 (4.5-11.5) | 9 (7-14) | 6 (4-10) | 0.001 | 8 (5-12) | 6 (4-10) | 0.013 |
Retinopathy no. (%) | 120 (60) | 28 (42) | 92 (69) | 0.001 | 71(55) | 49 (70) | 0.034 |
Oral antidiabetic medication no. (%) | 170 (85) | 57 (85) | 113 (85) | 0.98 | 111(85) | 59 (84) | 0.83 |
Insulin treatment no. (%) | 124 (62) | 38 (57) | 86 (65) | 0.28 | 77(59) | 47 (67) | 0.27 |
RAAS blockade no. (%) | 196 (98) | 65 (97) | 131 (98) | 0.48 | 127 (98) | 69 (99) | 0.67 |
Statin therapy no. (%) | 189 (95) | 62 (93) | 127 (95) | 0.39 | 122 (94) | 67 (96) | 0.58 |
Aspirin therapy no. (%) | 183 (92) | 58 (87) | 125 (94) | 0.076 | 119 (92) | 69 (99) | 0.98 |
Beta-blocker therapy no. (%) | 27 (14) | 2 (3) | 25 (19) | 0.002 | 12 (9) | 15 (21) | 0.016 |
Calcium channel blockers no. (%) | 80 (40) | 21 (31) | 59 (44) | 0.076 | 47 (36) | 33 (47) | 0.13 |
Use of diuretics no. (%) | 128 (64) | 35 (52) | 93 (70) | 0.014 | 82(63) | 46(66) | 0.71 |
Current smoker no. (%) | 59 (30) | 18 (27) | 41 (31) | 0.56 | 36(28) | 23 (33) | 0.45 |
NT-proBNP (ng/l) * | 48.7 (18.6-95.0) | 15.3 (9.3-26.3) | 77.1 (48.7-141.7) | nr | 30.1 (13.4-77.1) | 76.7 (52.8-139.5) | 0.001 |
Coronary Calcium Score* | 183 (6-604) | 7 (0-104) | 417 (80-963) | nr | 71 (1-272) | 748 (177-1518) | 0.001 |