Serum Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and risk of death from cardiovascular diseases among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked mortality study

Table 5 Estimated Relative Risk (Hazard Ratio) of Death from CVD Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥20 Years with Both Diagnosed Diabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes (A1C≥6.5%) According to Serum Non-HDL-C Concentrations, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality Study, 1988-2006

Cause of death	Serum non-HDL-C concentration (mg/dL)
	35-129	130-189	190-403	P-value^a
Unadjusted risk estimates
Total CVD	1 [Ref]	0.93 (0.63-1.38)	1.55 (1.03-2.34)	0.033
Ischemic heart disease	1 [Ref]	0.87 (0.5-1.51)	1.44 (0.87-2.38)	0.14
Stroke	1 [Ref]	3.34 (1.17-9.52)	3.87 (1.54-9.76)	0.0033
Other CVD	1 [Ref]	0.66 (0.32-1.36)	1.42 (0.74-2.71)	0.28
Adjusted risk estimates
Total CVD	1 [Ref]	0.95 (0.63-1.45)	1.53 (0.95-2.45)	0.072
Ischemic heart disease	1 [Ref]	0.91 (0.50-1.65)	1.51 (0.88-2.59)	0.13
Stroke	1 [Ref]	3.44 (1.23-9.63)	4.33 (1.63-11.49)	0.0026
Other CVD	1 [Ref]	0.58 (0.26-1.31)	1.01 (0.45-2.24)	0.99

Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ref, reference value.
^a T-tests were used for testing linear trends. Age was the time scale in the Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Relative risks (hazard ratios) and their 95% CIs were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, education attainment, diabetes duration, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, serum HDL-C concentration, glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, and self-reported use of prescribed medicine to lower blood cholesterol.
N = 1,647 participants with diagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (i.e., glycated hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%).

ISSN: 1475-2840