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Table 3 Estimated Relative Risk (Hazard Ratio) of Death from CVD Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥ 20 Years with Diabetes According to Serum Non-HDL-C Concentrations, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality Study, 1988-2006

From: Serum Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and risk of death from cardiovascular diseases among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked mortality study

Cause of death

Serum non-HDL-C concentration (mg/dL)a

 
 

35-129

130-189

190-403

P-valueb

Unadjusted risk estimates

    

   Total CVD

1 [Ref]

1.19 (0.71-1.98)

2.19 (1.38- 3.47)

<0.001

   IHD

1 [Ref]

1.36 (0.71-2.58)

2.32 (1.30- 4.15)

0.004

   Stroke

1 [Ref]

2.91 (0.89-9.57)

5.34 (1.88-15.16)

0.001

   Other CVD

1 [Ref]

0.67 (0.31-1.44)

1.53 (0.78- 3.03)

0.21

Adjusted risk estimates

    

   Total CVD

1 [Ref]

1.34 (0.75- 2.39)

2.25 (1.30- 3.91)

0.003

   IHD

1 [Ref

1.59 (0.76- 3.32)

2.50 (1.28- 4.89)

0.006

   Stroke

1 [Ref]

3.37 (0.95-11.90)

5.81 (1.96-17.25)

0.001

   Other CVD

1 [Ref]

0.69 (0.25- 1.88)

1.40 (0.55- 3.55)

0.46

  1. Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; CI, confidence interval; IHD, ischemic heart disease; non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ref, reference value.
  2. a To convert HDL-C or non-HDL-C concentrations in mg/dL to concentrations in mmol/L, multiply by 0.02586.
  3. b T-tests were used for testing linear trends. Age was the time scale in the Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Relative risks (hazard ratios) and their 95% CIs were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, education attainment, diabetes duration, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, serum HDL-C concentration, glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin A1C, and self-reported use of prescribed medicine to lower blood cholesterol.
  4. N = 1,122.