Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients according to glycemic status at hospitalization
From: Seven-year mortality in heart failure patients with undiagnosed diabetes: an observational study
No diabetes (n = 188) | Undiagnosed diabetes (n = 63) | Clinical diabetes (n = 149) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 71.1 (11.4) | 72.7 (10.4) | 71.4 (7.7) | 0.568 |
Male (%) | 100 (53) | 30 (49) | 73 (48) | 0.627 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Smoking (%) | 37 (19.8) | 7 (11.3) | 19 (12.6) | 0.113 |
Hypertension (%) | 129 (69) | 44 (71) | 126 (83.4) | 0.007 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 40 (21.3) | 17 (27) | 56 (37.6) | 0.002 |
Previous cardiovascular disease | ||||
MI (%) | 39 (21) | 18 (29) | 51 (34) | 0.024 |
Stroke (%) | 20 (11) | 7 (11) | 23 (15) | 0.434 |
Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 16 (9) | 4 (6) | 31 (21) | 0.001 |
HF ischemic etiology (%) | 65 (35) | 25 (40) | 80 (54) | 0.002 |
LVEF % (SD) | 46 ± 18 | 47 ± 18 | 45 ± 18 | 0.771 |
Last-year HF Admission (%) | 18 (9.6) | 14 (22.6) | 31 (20.7) | 0.006 |
Biochemical parameters at admission | ||||
Fasting glucose mmol/L (SD) | 5.5 ± 0.8 | 6.6 ± 1.5 | 7.8 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine μmol/L (SD) | 116.7 ± 73.4 | 120.2 ± 49.5 | 114 ± 55.7 | 0.817 |
Haemoglobin g/L (SD) | 0.131 ± 0.020 | 0.124 ± 0.023 | 0.125 ± 0.019 | 0.015 |
HF drug therapy at discharge | ||||
ACEI/ARA II (%) | 122 (65.2) | 39 (62.9) | 97 (64.2) | 0.943 |
β-blockers (%) | 52 (27.8) | 13 (21) | 56 (37.1) | 0.041 |
Diuretics (%) | 163 (87.2) | 52 (83.9) | 126 (83.4) | 0.597 |
Spirinolactone (%) | 55 (29.4) | 23 (37.1) | 47 (31.1) | 0.527 |