Table 1 Patients' characteristics at baseline (N = 4585)
Pio + SU n = 1709 | Pio + Met n = 1496 | SU + Met n = 1380 | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | |||
Age, years | 62.5 ± 9.8 [3] | 58.7 ± 10.5 [4] | 62.2 ± 9.8 [5] |
Gender, females | 869 (50.8) [0] | 795 (53.1) [0] | 733 (53.1) [0] |
Smoker, yes | 333 (19.6) [7] | 341 (22.9) [4] | 273 (19.9) [8] |
Anthropometrics | |||
Height, cm | 164 ± 9 [0] | 165 ± 9 [1] | 164 ± 9 [2] |
Weight, kg | 77 ± 13 [0] | 85 ± 15 [1] | 79 ± 14 [2] |
BMI,† kg/m2 | 28.8 ± 4.5 [0] | 31.2 ± 5.2 [1] | 29.6 ± 4.6 [2] |
Obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 532 (31.1) [0] | 777 (52.0) [1] | 537 (39.0) [2] |
Glycemic profile | |||
Age T2D diag.,* years | 53.9 ± 10.4 [8] | 51.7 ± 10.4 [15] | 53.8 ± 10.2 [10] |
T2D duration, years | 8.6 ± 7.0 [10] | 7.0 ± 6.3 [19] | 8.4 ± 6.9 [11] |
FPG, mmol/l | 10.8 ± 2.5 [77] | 10.4 ± 2.6 [55] | 10.2 ± 2.5 [56] |
HbA1c, % | 8.4 ± 1.7 [59] | 8.2 ± 1.6 [50] | 8.0 ± 1.6 [43] |
Lipid profile | |||
HDL-C, mmol/l | 1.18 ± 0.28 [114] | 1.17 ± 0.30 [82] | 1.19 ± 0.28 [95] |
LDL-C, mmol/l | 3.99 ± 0.69 [207] | 3.94 ± 0.71 [218] | 3.96 ± 0.69 [192] |
Total-C, mmol/l | 5.58 ± 1.12 [58] | 5.59 ± 1.14 [56] | 5.47 ± 1.14 [59] |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | 2.05 ± 0.83 [56] | 2.15 ± 0.86 [63] | 2.00 ± 0.81 [41] |
AIP | 0.59 ± 0.22 [160] | 0.61 ± 0.21 [135] | 0.57 ± 0.21 [134] |
Cardiovascular status | |||
SBP, mm Hg | 142 ± 19 [8] | 142 ± 18 [5] | 143 ± 18 [3] |
DBP, mm Hg | 82 ± 10 [8] | 84 ± 10 [5] | 83 ± 10 [3] |
Arterial hypertension | 999 (58.5) [0] | 867 (58.0) [0] | 865 (62.7) [0] |
Microvascular history | 320 (19.1) [34] | 265 (18.0) [27] | 301 (22.3) [33] |
Macrovascular history | 328 (19.2) [0] | 256 (17.1) [0] | 303 (22.0) [0] |
Angina pectoris | 153 (9.0) [0] | 128 (8.6) [0] | 146 (10.6) [0] |
Myocardial infarction | 110 (6.6) [34] | 58 (3.6) [33] | 86 (6.4) [32] |
Heart failure | 49 (2.9) [0] | 42 (2.8) [0] | 68 (4.9) [1] |
Ictus | 63 (3.8) [31] | 52 (3.6) [34] | 64 (4.7) [30] |
Perip. arterial occlusive disease | 125 (7.5) [39] | 119 (8.1) [33] | 130 (9.6) [31] |
Hepatic and renal function | |||
ALT, IU/l | 28.6 ± 11.5 74 | 29.4 ± 12.0 84 | 29.2 ± 11.8 71 |
Creatinine, μmol/l | 90 ± 25 [44] | 89 ± 23 [45] | 90 ± 24 [55] |