| A-FLIGHT toxicities |  |
---|---|---|
A | Amylin (hyperamylinemia)/amyloid toxicity | ROS |
 | Ang II (also induces PKC) | ROS |
 | AGEs/AFEs (advanced glycosylation/fructosylation endproducts) | ROS |
 | Antioxidant reserve compromised | ROS |
 | Absence of antioxidant network | ROS |
 | Ageing | ROS |
 | Angiogenesis (induced redox stress) Arteriogenesis (impaired PAI-1) | ROS |
 | Atherosclerosis – Atheroscleropathy. [ROS beget ROS] | ROS |
F | Free fatty acid toxicity | ROS |
L | Lipotoxicity | ROS |
I | Insulin toxicity (hyperinsulinemia-hyperproinsulinemia) (endogenous) | ROS |
 | Inflammation toxicity | ROS |
G | Glucotoxicity (compounds peripheral insulin resistance) reductive stress Sorbitol / polyol pathway | ROS plus |
 | Pseudohypoxia (NADH/NAD increased) | PKC |
H | Hypertension toxicity | ROS |
 | t homocysteine toxicity | ROS |
T | Triglyceride toxicity | ROS |