Table 2 Atherosclerosis promoting effects of AGEs: Receptor Mediated Mechanisms
From: How hyperglycemia promotes atherosclerosis: molecular mechanisms
| Promoting inflammation |
|---|
| Secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1 [74]. |
| Chemotactic stimulus for monocyte-macrophages [37, 38] |
| Induction of cellular proliferation |
| Stimulation of PDGF [37] and IGF-I [40] secretion from monocytes and possibly SMC. |
| Endothelial dysfunction |
| Increased permeability of EC monolayers [34, 35] |
| Increased procoagulant activity [35] |
| Increased expression of adhesion molecules [33] |
| Increased Intracellular oxidative stress [31, 34] |